Modern investments — shares, mutual funds, bonds, peer-to-peer lending — are forms of wealth that did not exist literally in the Prophet's era. Yet contemporary scholars have performed ijtihad using Quranic verses and hadith to establish the zakat obligation on them.
The Scriptural Basis for Zakat on Growing Wealth
From the Quran
وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلَا يُنفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُم بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
"And those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of Allah — give them tidings of a painful punishment." (Source: QS. At-Taubah: 34)
Scholars interpret "kanz" (hoarding) to encompass all forms of wealth held idle without zakat — including investment instruments.
يَمْحَقُ اللَّهُ الرِّبَا وَيُرْبِي الصَّدَقَاتِ — "Allah destroys riba and increases charity." (Source: QS. Al-Baqarah: 276)
From the Hadith
"There is no owner of gold or silver who does not fulfil its zakat, except that on the Day of Resurrection plates of fire will be made for him..." (Source: HR. Muslim no. 987)
Contemporary Scholars' Views
- Shaykh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi (Fiqhuz Zakah): Long-term investment shares are subject to 2.5% zakat on market value at haul.
- OIC Islamic Fiqh Academy: Islamic mutual funds are subject to 2.5% zakat on total NAV at haul.
- DSN-MUI Indonesia: Islamic instruments (sukuk, Islamic mutual funds, sharia-compliant shares) are subject to zakat when haul is completed.
Calculation Method per Instrument
- Mutual Funds: 2.5% × total portfolio NAV at haul
- Shares (investment): 2.5% × market value + dividends received
- Shares (trading): 2.5% × market value at haul — treated as trade zakat
- Bonds/Sukuk: 2.5% × nominal value + yield received
- Islamic P2P Lending: 2.5% × principal + profit-sharing received
Simulation: IDR 300 Million Portfolio
- Equity mutual fund: IDR 150,000,000
- Individual shares: IDR 100,000,000
- Islamic time deposit: IDR 50,000,000
- Total: IDR 300,000,000 → exceeds nisab
- Investment zakat: 2.5% × IDR 300,000,000 = IDR 7,500,000
Calculate Your Investment Zakat Now
→ Investment zakat calculator at kontroluang.com/kalkulator/zakat-investasi
Written by
Aaqil Umais ZabirFinancial education writer at Kontrol Uang
Aaqil Umais Zabir writes personal finance guides for Kontrol Uang, focusing on budgeting, transaction tracking, zakat, and practical everyday financial decisions for Indonesian readers.
